Hypothermia

Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing the core body temperature to drop below 35°C. It can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Causes of Hypothermia:

• Exposure to Cold Weather – Prolonged exposure to low temperatures, especially in wet or windy conditions.
• Immersion in Cold Water – Falling into icy water can cause rapid heat loss.
• Inadequate Clothing – Wearing insufficient or wet clothing in cold environments.
• Prolonged Exposure Indoors – Elderly people or vulnerable individuals in poorly heated homes.
• Alcohol and Drug Use – Can impair judgment and heat regulation.

Symptoms of Hypothermia:

• Mild (32–35°C)
  • Shivering
  • Cold, pale skin
  • Confusion or clumsiness
  • Slurred speech
  • Fast heart rate and breathing
• Moderate (28–32°C)
  • Intense shivering stops
  • Weak pulse, slow heart rate
  • Drowsiness or difficulty thinking
  • Slowed breathing
  • Lack of coordination
• Severe (Below 28°C)
  • Unconsciousness
  • No shivering
  • Very slow or irregular heartbeat
  • Risk of cardiac arrest

Immediate treatment is critical to prevent complications like frostbite, organ failure, or death.

The treatment for hypothermia depends on its severity but generally involves the following steps:

Mild Hypothermia (Body Temp: 32–35°C)

1. Move to a Warm Environment – Get the person indoors or shield them from wind and cold.
2. Remove Wet Clothing – Replace with dry, warm layers.
3. Provide Warm Drinks – Avoid alcohol and caffeine; offer warm, sweet beverages.
4. Use Warm Blankets – Cover the person, including their head.
5. Body Heat – Skin-to-skin contact under blankets can help.

Moderate to Severe Hypothermia (Body Temp: Below 32°C)

1. Call for Emergency Help.
2. Handle Gently – Sudden movements can trigger dangerous heart rhythms.
3. Use Passive and Active Rewarming:
   • Passive: Warm blankets, dry clothing, and a warm environment.
   • Active: Heating pads or warm water bottles (avoid direct skin contact).
4. Monitor Breathing & Pulse – Be prepared for CPR if necessary.
5. Avoid Sudden Heat – No direct hot baths or heating lamps, as they can cause shock.
6. Medical Treatment – Severe cases may require warm IV fluids, heated oxygen, or blood rewarming in a hospital.

More information can be found on the NHS website.